Give me some examples of user exit that is applied in MM area in a real time scenario.

1. User exits can be found out using a development class or a package.

2. For which transaction you would like know whether user exit is available or not. example 1. Whenever I create a purchase order my vendor is same for a particular purchasing group and a particular purchasing organization .

Procedure to find out the user exit :
3.For which transaction you would like to see the user exits, frrst goto transaction and click system status and find out the technical name i.e is package.

4. By going to the SMOD transaction give package name and find out the real user exits available or not.  Once it is available go to edit attributes and write program by givng the filed name = ’9999′ (some vendor) and save , click, save, activte.
5. Go top CMOD  transaction and give that user exit in the filed area and activate .

6. Go and observe in me21 and see that 9999 vendor by default will come when ever you will create po.

To Develop Enhancements for Purchasing  In this step, you develop enhancements for Purchasing.

1. Either create a new project or use an existing one and then enter the enhancement.

2. Activate the project – Your enhancement will only become effective after activation.

In contrast to modifications, enhancements are basically release-insensitive since they are not implemented in the SAP original but in a name range that is reserved for the customer.  If you want to display the documentation for an enhancement, choose Goto -> Documentation in the enhancement transaction.

The following SAP enhancements are available for the Purchasing area:

AMPL0001 – User subscreen for additional AMPL data (manufacturer part number)

LMELA002 – Adoption of batch number from shipping notification at time of posting of a goods receipt

LMELA010 – Incoming shipping notification: adoption of item data from IDoc

LMEQR001 – User exit for source determination

M06B0001 – Role determination for release of requisitions

M06B0001 – Changes to communication structure for release of requisitions

M06B0003 – Number range and document number

M06B0004 – Number range and document number

M06B0005 – Changes to communication structure for overall release of purchase requisitions

M06E0004 – Changes to communication structure for release of purchasing document

M06E0005 – Role determination for release of purchasing documents

ME590001 – Grouping of requisitions for PO split in transaction ME59

MEETA001 – Determination of schedule line type (backlog, immediate requirement, forecast)

MEFLD004 – Determination of earliest delivery date for checking at time of goods receipt (PO only)
MELAB001 – Generation of forecast delivery schedule: realization via creation profile
MEQUERY1 – Enhancement for document overview ME21N / ME51N

MEVME001 – Calculation of default GR quantity and over/underdelivery tolerances
MM06E001 – User exits for inbound EDI messages and outbound purchasing documents

MM06E003 – Number range and document number

MM06E004 – Control of import data screens in purchase orders

MM06E005 – Customer fields in purchasing documents

MEREQ001 – Customer’s own data in purchase requisitions

MM06E007 – Change document for requisitions when converting into POs

MM06E008 – Monitoring of contract target value in case of release orders

MM06E009 – Relevant texts for “Texts exist” indicator

MM06E010 – Field selection for vendor address

MM06E011 – Activation of requisition block

MM06L001 – Exits for determination of ratings in vendor evaluation

MMAL0001 – ALE source list distribution: outbound processing

MMAL0002 – ALE source list distribution: inbound processing
MMAL0003 – ALE purchasing info record distribution: outbound processing

MMAL0004 – ALE purchasing info record distribution: inbound processing
MMDA0001 – Default values for delivery addresses
MMFAB001 – User exit for generation of releases

MRFLB001 – Control items during release creation

LWBON001 – Enhancement of LIS update through extension of the communication structure

MCKONA (business volumes and rebate income)

LWBON003 – Change settlement data for end-of-period rebate settlement before creation of settlement documents

LWSUS001 – Customer-specific source determination in Retail

LMEXF001 – Conditions in purchasing documents without invoice receipt

LMEKO002 – Enhance communication structure KOMP for price determination   

By: erpgreat             

Material Master

Q: How can I extend all material to a new plant?
A: The SAP program – RMDATIND is used to create /update material master record.

Q: How can we delete materials permanently from Material master?
A: Use transaction MM70 – Material Master->Other->Reorganization->Material->Choose.
Build variant with selection range of material master records to be selected for deletion and maintain run parameters. Execute.
Use transaction MM71 – Material Master-> other-> Reorganization->Material->Reorganization
Build a second variant
Maintain run parameters and execute.
It is also important to remove the records manually from info record, POs, PRs, reservation etc for successful deletion of the material.

Q: SAP only provides moving average value for current, previous period, and previous year. SAP does not provide transactions/reports that will provide moving average value for a given date.
How can I report moving average price for material number 10000000 at plant 0001 on July 4, 1998.
A: Try any of these solutions:
1. Change the updating level of the structure (S031) to “daily”. In LIS the total value and the total stock are available. Divide value by the stock. It is possible to calculate this dynamically when the analysis is run and to display the result.
2. Create your own structure in LIS and populate it by copying the Moving Average Price from the material master every time there is a transaction. You will have data on those days when there was a transaction.

Q: We have defined all the variables for the materials. However, when I attempt to use Material Matchcode object MAT1, I get the response “No possible entries found”. Why?
A: Matchcode i.d. “B”, “Material by bill of material” has a selection condition for field STLNR NE ‘ ‘. STLNR is the BOM number associated with a material in table MAST. Hence the message – “no possible entries…” pops up if there are no bills of materials associated with your material numbers. You get the matchcodes as long as the material referred by you has BOM number associated with it.

Q: The matchcodeobject selection is defaulted to matctcode ID “B”. Iwould like to change to M “Material by Description” What is the solution?
A: Press the pull down arrow on the material number field and matchcode “B” is displayed, press F5 double-click matchcode i.d. “M”, then press F6 . This will set matchcode “M” as the default.

Q: We have one material master : X and the unit of measure is ‘pcs’ and two serial number : A,B
For this material we make two Pos
First PO calls material X , 1 pcs price 100 (will use serial number A)
Second PO calls material X , 1 pcs price 250 (will use serial number B)
Goods Receipt is done and by filling serial number for the fist PO with A and the second PO with B.
We want to transfer material X serial number A to another plant and want the valuation of this material as 100. How we can do it ?
A: Use “split valuation”. Stocks may be received into separate storage locations. Transfer stocks may be done from a storage location/plant to another storage location/plant.

Q: We want to change the calculation of Moving Average Price. We know that the same is in MBEW-VERPR and two transactions to consider – MRHR, MB01. Is there a transaction to change MAV or all the places it is needed?
A: Any Goods receipt or issue (in case of split valuated material) changes Moving Average price depending upon the valuation type which is used when posting the goods issue. You have to go through all the transactions involving those!
For Example:
Material X is using split valuation by origin:
Malaysia : MAV 60 USD – total stock 100 units
India: MAV 50 USD – total stock 200 units
Total stock 300 units MAV 53.33
Here , goods issues will also affect the global MAV, despite not changing MAV from origin country.

Q: What is the use of configurable material.?
A: Configurable material is useful if you have a large number of combination of parts that go into a product. It means different permutations and combinations of the parts for same material. If you maintain a unique material code for each combination , you require a large number of material numbers. KMAT may be used in such a case where you maintain just one generic product code. A super BOM is maintained for such a material consisting of all possible alternatives. A routing is also maintained consisting of all possible operations that could be used. Typically configurable material is used in Made To Order (MTO) environment. However frequently ordered configurations may be planned with a material variant which needs to have a material master record. Thus Material variants may have stock and value. Depending upon characteristic values chosen at sales order entry Sales Order BOM is created. Routing operations are also chosen depending upon which BOM components are assigned to them.

Q: Will Source List automatically appear in Material Master as default if maintained at plant level using OME5?

A1: If you have maintained source list requirement in OME5 and have not maintained the source list for the material , Po can not be released. You are required to maintain source list for all materials in the plant where the indicator is set if you maintain source list at plant level. Else you can make use of info record to do so automatically.

Q: We have One company with a plant and another company with a sales organization. Which is better option between these – PO or Stock Transfer Order ?

A: Cross company Stock Transport Orders can be done.
# Configure using transaction OMGN.
# Depending upon the sending and receiving plants, maintain sales organization and customer data in customizing.
# Maintain the supplying plant as a vendor and attach the plant to the vendor in the Vendor Master.
# Material type has to be HALB or HAWA.
# Ensure that the company with sales Organization has a plant to take care of stocking.
# The PO used is NB and not Stock Transfer PO.
Configure SD for inter-company billing to enable picking up the pricing procedure for billing.
# Carry Out delivery through process delivery due list and billing through process billing due list.

Q: We can make field mandatory. We want to make a default value to a Particular field in the Material Master. Say, We want that the period indicator in the MRP2 view as “P”. What is the best way?
A: Use transaction variant. Transaction SHD0 and then Transaction SE93.

1. What are the types of special stocks available?
Subcontracting, consignement, pipeline, project, sales order, RTP, stock transfer ,third party.

2. What are the types of inforecords?
Standard, consignment,subcontracting & pipeline.

3. What is meant by consignment stock?
The stock supplied by the vendor is in the companies premises with the company having no liability for the same. The liability for the company will only be affected when the goods are issued from the consignment stock for use.

4. What are the steps involved in consignment cycle?
Create consignment info record with proper tax code, create Po with item category K, maintain output condition record for KONS, process GR, no invoice verification done, but settlement is done through MRKO transaction.

5. Tell me about the subcontracting cycle.
The Po is created with item category L , the goods is transferred to subcontractor by 541 movemet. for this movement note no accounting docs take place. When GR is done automatically, 543 movemnt takes place which take care of the consumption of components from stock.

6. How are the byproducts taken care of in subcontracting?
You can add these by products in the BOM for the header matl.

7. What is meant by scales?
Can scales be used in standard purchase order? You can fix a price in the info record for a say qty from 1-100 price RS150 & if the order qty is 101- 500- the prices is 140 . Scales cannot be used directly in PO but can be pulled into the PO from various master data like info record, quota arrangement.

8. What is the difference between a contract and a scheduling agreement?
With regard to Outline Agreement:
1. You can create the centrally contract (cross-plant) where you can maintain different pricing conditions for each and every plant
2. You have to create the Release Order with reference to Outline Agreement.
3. No detailed delivery schedule can be made in the Release Order.
4. No Release documentation is created.
5. Only time-dependent conditions can be created.
6. Some Item Category ‘M’ and ‘W’ can be used.
With regard to Scheduling Agreement:
1. The Plant Location must be entered in the Scheduling Agreement.
2. We do not have to create any other purchasing document except for delivery schedule line via Transaction ME38 or MRP running (with the appropriate setting of Source List).
3. Delivery Schedule line items are created subject to your specific requirement.
4. Can create both Scheduling Agreement with and without Release Documentation (subject to the Document Type LP or LPA) with the selection of either FRC or JIT delivery schedule.
5. Either time-dependent or time-independent conditions can be created subject to the customizing in the Document Type of the Scheduling Agreement.
6. Item Category ‘M’ and ‘W’ can not be used.

9. How does the system calculate taxes?

10. How does the system calculate nondeductible taxes?

11. What is meant by batches? How can the batches be searched?
A batch is a subdivision of your stock of a material having the same characteristics.
For instance:
- food production uses batches to indicate the day of production.
- paint production uses batches based on production date and the used ingredients. It is very hard to reproduce the same color in exactly the same way at two different moments.
- ore may be divided in batches based on their mineral content.

You can search batches using the standard search facility (match code, key F4) based on the naming convention of the batches or, if you use batch classification, based on the characteristics of the batches.

12. How is a shelf-life item managed in SAP? What is the full cycle?

13. What are the settings required for quota arrangement?
To set up a quota arrangement for the procurement of a material, proceed as follows:
Master data -> Quota arrangement -> Maintain, enter the material and plant number, press ENTER to display the overview screen for the quota arrangement periods, Enter a validity period for quota arrangement, Enter date until which the quota arrangement is valid. The start date is calculated by the system. Press ENTER .
Select the quota arrangement and choose Goto -> Item overview to display the item overview screen of the quota arrangement. Enter a quota arrangement item for each source of supply you want to include in the quota arrangement.
You must enter the following data.
- Procurement type
- Special procurement type, Enter k in the S column, for example, if a consignment arrangement for the material exists with the vendor.
- Vendor number
- Procurement plant (supplying plant):
- Quota column, enter the quota assigned to each item.
Press ENTER .
The percentage distribution of the quotas is calculated and displayed automatically by the system.
Save the quota arrangement. The system assigns a number to the quota arrangement item automatically

14. What is meant by MRP Type and lot sizing?

15. Can it be configured in such a way that the external requisitions can also be taken into account while MRP runs in consumption-based planning if VB is selected as MRP type?

16. How are free items managed in a PO? yu need to tick the tem as free in the PO. The price will be zero for such PO’s.

17. What are the differences between release procedure with classification and release procedure without classification? When are they used?
Release procedure with classification means the Purchase requsition can be released both at item level & at the header level. Release procedure with out classification can also be used for PR which is used for item level release only. all other external documents cannot be relesed with classification. The two procedures are mutually exclusive (that is to say, you must decide in favor of one of them only – you cannot use both).

18. Is it possible to have a release procedure without classification for a PO?
No

19. What is the maximum number of levels available in SAP?
Did not get this question …pls clarify.

20. Is it possible to have scales in a quotation?
No

21. What is GR blocked stock? When it can be used?
Whenever you are not sure about the quality of the product received, you can put in GR blocked stock.

22. How are the variations in subcontracting taken care of in SAP?

23. How to give specifications for developments?
We normally prepare a business requirement document in which we specify what is required. what field & tables have to be referred for the required development.

24. How to create PR or PO by MRP?
The PR is created according to the safety stock mentioned for the material or can be triggered from a requirement . For creating a PO, you need to have the scheduling agreement in place .After the MRP is run the schedule lines are generated which are nothing but the PO.

by : Bijoy at http://www.sap-img.com/

The following are some sample interview questions I have taken from the internet, sample certification questions, and from my own experience.

1. What is the difference between the stock transfer between two plants belonging to same company code and those belonging to different company code?
2. What are the fields in Purchasing view?
3. What are the steps in automatic account assignment config.
4. How do you create movement types? What are the steps involved? When will you recommend a new movement type?
5. What is meant by access sequence? When it is used?
6. How does the PO pick up the pricing schema?
7. What are the steps involved in creating a pricing procedure?
8. What are the types of special stocks available?
9. What are the types of inforecords?
10. What is meant by consignment stock?
11. What are the steps involved in consignment cycle?
12. Tell me about the subcontracting cycle.
13. How is scrap accounted in subcontracting?
14. How are the byproducts taken care of in subcontracting?
15. Tell me about the various movement types and usage.
16. What is meant by scales? Can scales be used in standard purchase order?
17. What is the difference between a contract and a scheduling agreement?
18. How does the system calculate taxes?
19. How does the system calculate nondeductible taxes?
20. What is meant by batches? How can the batches be searched?
21. How is a shelf-life item managed in SAP? What is the full cycle?
22. What are the settings required for quota arrangement?
23. What is meant by MRP Type and lot sizing?
24. Can it be configured in such a way that the external requisitions can also be taken into account while MRP runs in consumption-based planning if VB is selected as MRP type?
25. What is a reference purchase organization? When can it be used?
26. Explain the concept of split valuation and when can it be used? What are the settings required?
27. What are valuation area, valuation category and valuation class?
28. What is meant by a credit memo?
29. How are free items managed in a PO?
30. What is meant by a release strategy?
31. What are release groups and release codes?
32. What are the differences between release procedure with classification and release procedure without classification? When are they used?
32. Is it possible to have a release procedure without classification for a PO?
33. What is the maximum number of levels available in SAP?
35. Is it possible to have scales in a quotation?
36. What is GR blocked stock? When it can be used?
37. What is the movement type for return to vendor? How to reverse it?
38. How are the variations in subcontracting taken care of in SAP?
39. What are the tools available for data migration in SAP?
40. What is LSMW?
41. What is the difference between LSMW and CATT?
42. How to give specifications for developments?
43. How do you plan for a vendor rating system and move about?
44. What is RTP?
45. What is the movement type used in receipt of RTP?
46. How is an item with serial no. managed?
47. How do you make variants?
48. What are the types of tables in SAP?
49. How to inventory excise duty in SAP?
50. What are the documents generated in the MIGO 101 movement type? What are the accounts hit?

By: Manoj | http://sap.ittoolbox.com/

The described activities maintain the basic data for scheduling agreements. A scheduling agreement is an outline purchase agreement against which materials or services are procured on predefined dates over a certain period. The total quantity of a material to be delivered that is specified in an item of a scheduling agreement can be broken down into a series of partial quantities with individual delivery dates, which are set out in the lines of a delivery schedule.
You issue scheduling agreement releases to your vendor to inform him of your forthcoming requirements as at a certain date.

As per : SAP Materials Management (MM)

The typical procurement cycle for a service or material consists of the following phases:

1. Determination of Requirements
Materials requirements are identified either in the user departments or via materials planning and control.
(This can cover both MRP proper and the demand-based approach to inventory control. The regular checking of stock levels of materials defined by master records, use of the order-point method, and forecasting on the basis of past usage are important aspects of the latter.) You can enter purchase requisitions yourself, or they can be generated automatically by the materials planning and control system.

2. Source Determination
The Purchasing component helps you identify potential sources of supply based on past orders and existing longer-term purchase agreements. This speeds the process of
creating requests for quotation (RFQs), which can be sent to vendors electronically via SAP EDI, if desired.

3. Vendor Selection and Comparison of Quotations
The system is capable of simulating pricing scenarios, allowing you to compare a number of different quotations. Rejection letters can be sent automatically.

4. Purchase Order Processing
The Purchasing system adopts information from the requisition and the quotation to help you create a purchase order. As with purchase requisitions, you can generate Pos yourself or have the system generate them automatically.

Vendor scheduling agreements and contracts (in the SAP System, types of longer-term purchase agreement) are also supported.

5. Purchase Order Follow-Up
The system checks the reminder periods you have specified and – if necessary – automatically prints reminders or expediters at the predefined intervals. It also provides you with an up-to-date status of all purchase requisitions, quotations, and purchase orders.

6. Goods Receiving and Inventory Management
Goods Receiving personnel can confirm the receipt of goods simply by entering the Po number. By specifying permissible tolerances, buyers can limit over- and underdeliveries of ordered goods.

7. Invoice Verification
The system supports the checking and matching of invoices. The accounts payable clerk is notified of quantity and price variances because the system has access to PO and goods receipt data. This speeds the process of auditing and clearing invoices for payment.

By: Sandhya

How to Configure a New Plant in SAP?

Plant 0001 is the SAP default provide for your reference.

OX14 – Define Valuation Area (Tick one only- Once your system go live, no more changes)
Most company take the SAP recommended choice – Value Material Stock at Plant level
Value Material Stock at Plant or Company Level

o If you valuate material stocks at plant level, the plant is the valuation area.
o If you valuate material stocks at company code level, the company code is the valuation area.
o The decision you make applies to the whole client.

OX10 – Create / Change / View Plants

OVXB – Create / Change / View Division

OX18 – Assign Plant to company code
e.g. 0001 – 0001 – All Plants
Px1 – Plant Px1
Px2 – Plant Px2
OX19 – Assignment of company code to the Controlling Area

OB38 – Assign company code to Credit Control Area

OMJ7 – Assign business area to Plant/Valuation area and division
e.g. Plant Px1 – Business Area Bx1
Bx2
Assign Valuation area to the Business Area
.e.g. Valuation area Vx1 – Business Area Bx1
Business Area Bx2

OMS0 – Assign Factory Calendar to the Plant and Business Area

The plant plays an important role in the following areas:

* Material Valuation – If the valuation level is the plant, the material stocks are valuated at plant level. Each plant can have its own material prices and account determination.
* Inventory Management – The material stocks are managed within a plant.
* MRP – Material requirements are planned for each plant. Each plant has its own MRP data. Analyses for materials planning can be made across plants.
* Production – Each plant having they own production/planning.
* Costing – In costing, valuation prices are defined only within a plant.
* Plant Maintenance – If a plant performs plant maintenance planning tasks, it is defined as a maintenance planning plant. A maintenance planning plant can also carry out planning tasks for other plants (maintenance plants).

If you want to use the application PP (production planning) or product costing and job-order costing, you must set valuation at plant level.

The valuation level that you choose affects

* the maintenance of material master records
* the G/L accounts in which material stocks are managed
* the G/L accounts to which transactions are posted in Materials Management

Effect on the maintenance of material master records:

Depending on the valuation level chosen,

* you maintain accounting data in the material master record for each plant or for each company code
* you define a valuation price for the material in each plant or in each company code

Effect on G/L accounts:

If material stocks are valuated at company code level, all plant stocks of a material are managed in a joint stock account for each company code.
If material stocks are valuated at plant level, you can manage the material stocks for each plant in different accounts. For each plant, you can define a separate determination.
If several plants are to use account determination, you can group these plants in “Valuation and Account Assignment” Customizing.

By : sap-basis-abap.com

SAP MM Tcodes

MM – Controlling the Fields in Material Master

Define whether a field is hidden or displayed, or whether an entry is mandatory or optional in material master maintenance by assigning the field to a field selection group in OMSR.

Each field selection group has a number between 1 and 240.

The values of the field selection groups have been preassigned as follows:

001-110 Material master for industry
111-120 Reserved for customers (except where the values are already in use)
121-150 Material master for industry
151-210 Material master for retail
211-240 Reserved for customers

Create and maintain field references (OMS9).

All the fields in the same fields group will have the same field selection option.
(hide, display, required entry, or optional entry)

You can see where a field reference is used by choosing Where-used list.

Define or change the field references as required (except for field references with the prefix SAP which must not be changed). New field references must begin with Y or Z.

Changing the Field Selection Options for a Field Selection Group

1. Specify the field selection group .
2. Select the field selection option (hide, display, required entry, or optional entry)
for each field reference as required.
3. Save.

Creating a Field Reference

1. Choose New entries.
2. Specify a field reference beginning with Y or Z.
3. Select the field selection option for each field selection group as required.
4. Save.

Changing a Field Reference

1. Double-click the relevant field reference.
2. Change the field selection option for each field selection group as required.
3. Save.

Define industry sectors and industry-sector-specific field selection in OMS3.

Define plant-specific field selection and screen selection in OMSA.

How To Do Master Record Mass Maintenance

Which master records mass maintenance can be done?
What do you mean by mass maintenance?

Mass maintainance in MM-

1. Mass Maintainance means to change a master data or transactional data in mass

2. SAP has provided Mass Maintainance for many objects

Examples:Material masters, BOMs, Routings, Workcenters in PP

In MM –> Inforecords, PO,s Preqs etc

To do master record mass maintenance

You can use tcode MASS and then select your Object type or there is few specific mass maint. Tcode is available like for PO = MEMASSPO etc. but you can use MASS also for that you need to select the object type for PO

Tips for mass modification:

Use object type BUS1001 and generate. Then you have to know the tables where the field you want to modify is. Pick the fields in their folder and generate again. Then in selection pick the materials or use other selection criteria. Generate again.

In the upper side of the screen insert the data and click the button ‘carry out a mass change’.

Save and leave.

Master records mass maintenance can be done:

Material master, info record, vendor, PO, PR, etc.

What do you mean by mass maintenance?

MASS maintenance means – suppose you want to change prticaulr field of material for all the mateirl of certian plant or all the plant you can do using mass like wise for certian PO value if you want to cahnge you can use mass.

There a lot of transactions for specific mass changes. MASS is also one of the transactions among them.

- Mass Change in material master. MM17
- Mass change in BOM. CS20
- Mass change in work center. CA85
- Mass change in Reference opn set. CA95
- Mass change in PRT. CA75

- SU10 Mass changes to User Master.
- SU12 Mass Changes to User Master Records.

- CO44 Mass processing of orders.
- F.80 Mass reversal of documents.
- FOFO Mass release.
- FOVX Mass processing of offers.
- IMAM Mass maintenance of approp.requests.
- KE55 Mass Maintenance PrCtr Master Data.
- XD99 Customer master mass maintenance.
- XK99 Mass maintenance, vendor master.

By : SAP IMG

SAP MM Tables List

SAP MM is the materials management module of the SAP ERP software package from SAP AG. Materials management is integrated with other modules such as SD, PP and QM. Materials management is used for procurement and inventory management.

The module has two important master data – material and vendor. Broadly, the various levels that can be defined for a SAP MM implementation are: Client, Company Code, Plant, Storage Location and Purchase Organization.

SAP MM is all about managing the materials i.e the resources of an organization. These resources include men, manpower and materials. The main functionality within MM includes purchasing, Inventory management, valuation and assignment, batch management and classification.